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Population
Malawi has about 21 million inhabitants (as of 2024). The population is ethnically diverse, with the largest groups being the Chewa, Lomwe, Yao, and Ngoni. The majority of the population lives in rural areas and is heavily dependent on agriculture.
Capital
The capital of Malawi is Lilongwe. It serves as the political and administrative center, while Blantyre is considered the economic hub and commercial center.
Economic Power
Malawi has one of the weakest economies in the world, primarily dependent on agriculture. Tobacco is the most important export, followed by tea, sugar, and coffee. The GDP per capita is about USD 600 (as of 2023). Challenges such as poverty, high unemployment, limited industrialization, and reliance on international aid heavily impact the economy.
Culture
Malawi’s culture is shaped by its many ethnic groups, each preserving its own traditions, dances, and music. The people of Malawi are known for their hospitality, which has earned the country the nickname “The Warm Heart of Africa.” Traditional music and dance play a central role in festivals and ceremonies. The cuisine is simple, based on maize, fish (especially from Lake Malawi), and vegetables.
Currency
The official currency of Malawi is the Malawian Kwacha (MWK).
Health Insurance and Social Security System
Malawi has a rudimentary social security system that mainly covers work accidents and pensions. There is no universal health insurance, and the public healthcare system is often inadequate and overburdened. Many people rely on private healthcare, which can be expensive.
Costs for Employers
Employers in Malawi must contribute about 7% of gross wages to social security, covering pensions and work accident insurance. Additional costs may arise from voluntary benefits such as transportation or meal allowances.
Salaries and Bonuses
Salaries in Malawi are low compared to international standards. The legal minimum wage is about 50,000 MWK per month (as of 2023). Bonuses are typically performance-based and more common in larger companies.
Payroll
Payroll in Malawi includes the basic salary, possible allowances, bonuses, and statutory deductions for taxes and social security contributions.
Public Holidays
Malawi has several public holidays, including:
- New Year’s Day (January 1)
- Labor Day (May 1)
- Independence Day (July 6)
- Christmas (December 25)
- Boxing Day (December 26)
- Various religious holidays such as Easter, Good Friday, and Eid al-Fitr.
Working Hours
Regular working hours in Malawi are 48 hours per week, spread over five or six working days. The working hours can vary depending on the industry, with Saturday often being a half or full day off.
Vacation
Employees are entitled to at least 18 working days of paid annual leave, which may increase with length of service. Additional leave days may be granted for special occasions such as weddings or family obligations.
Incapacity for Work
In the event of illness, employees are entitled to sick leave, which is covered by the employer or the limited social security system. The specific regulations depend on the employment contract and legal provisions.
Termination/Severance Pay
Notice periods and severance pay regulations in Malawi vary depending on the length of service and contractual terms.