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HRsolution » COUNTRIES » Madagascar

Population

Madagascar has about 29 million inhabitants (as of 2024). The population is ethnically diverse, with 18 main ethnic groups, including the Merina, Betsimisaraka, and Betsileo. Most of the population lives in rural areas and is engaged in agriculture.

Capital

The capital of Madagascar is Antananarivo. It is the economic, political, and cultural center of the country and the largest city in Madagascar.

Economic Power

Madagascar’s economy is heavily based on agriculture, with farming, fishing, and mining being the main sectors. Exports include vanilla, cloves, cocoa, and minerals such as nickel and cobalt. The GDP per capita is about USD 550 (as of 2023), making Madagascar one of the poorest countries in the world. Economic challenges such as political instability, poverty, and inadequate infrastructure are widespread.

Culture

Madagascar has a unique culture that combines African, Asian, and Arab influences. Traditional music, dances, and festivals like Famadihana (the turning of the bones ceremony) are important aspects of social life. Malagasy cuisine, which includes rice, Zebu meat, and a variety of spices, is also a key cultural element.

Currency

The official currency of Madagascar is the Ariary (MGA).

Health Insurance and Social Security System

Madagascar has a limited social security system that mainly covers pensions, work accidents, and health insurance. The healthcare system is primarily public but often inadequate and underfunded. Private health insurance is rare, and many people must pay directly for medical treatment.

Costs for Employers

Employers in Madagascar must contribute about 18% of gross wages to social security, covering pensions, work accidents, and health insurance. Additional costs may arise from voluntary benefits such as transportation or meal allowances.

Salaries and Bonuses

Salaries in Madagascar vary significantly by industry and qualifications. The legal minimum wage is about 200,000 MGA per month (as of 2023). Bonuses are usually performance-based and typically paid by larger companies.

Payroll

Payroll in Madagascar includes the basic salary, possible allowances, bonuses, and statutory deductions for taxes and social security contributions.

Public Holidays

Madagascar has several public holidays, including:

  • New Year’s Day (January 1)
  • Labor Day (May 1)
  • Independence Day (June 26)
  • All Saints’ Day (November 1)
  • Christmas (December 25)
  • Various religious holidays such as Easter, Pentecost, and Eid al-Fitr.

Working Hours

Regular working hours in Madagascar are 40 hours per week, spread over five working days. Most offices operate from Monday to Friday.

Vacation

Employees are entitled to at least 15 working days of paid annual leave. The entitlement may increase with length of service.

Incapacity for Work

In the event of illness, employees are entitled to sick leave, covered by social security. The exact duration and compensation depend on the employment contract and legal provisions.

Termination/Severance Pay

Notice periods and severance pay regulations in Madagascar vary depending on the length of service and contractual terms.

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