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HRsolution » COUNTRIES » Egypt

Population

Egypt has approximately 104 million inhabitants (as of 2024), making it the most populous country in the Arab world.

Capital City

The capital of Egypt is Cairo. It is one of the largest cities in Africa and serves as the cultural, economic, and political center of the country.

Economic Strength

Egypt’s economy is based on a mix of public and private sectors. Important industries include agriculture, tourism, oil and natural gas, textiles, and the service sector. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is about USD 3,500 (as of 2023), with significant social inequalities.

Culture

Egypt is known for its rich history that dates back to antiquity. The Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, the temples of Luxor, and the historic cities of Cairo and Alexandria are world-famous attractions. Egyptian culture is characterized by a blend of Arab, Islamic, Coptic, and Pharaonic influences.

Currency

The official currency in Egypt is the Egyptian Pound (EGP).

Health Insurance and Social Security System

Egypt has a social security system that covers pensions, disability, death, and workplace accident insurance, among others. However, there is limited health insurance for employees, and access to healthcare services varies greatly. Private insurance is widespread because state benefits are often inadequate.

Employer Costs

Employer costs in Egypt include salaries, social security contributions (about 18.75% for the employer), and other benefits such as transportation and meal allowances.

Salary and Bonuses

Salaries in Egypt vary widely depending on the industry and position. The statutory minimum wage is about 2,700 EGP per month (as of 2023). Bonuses are often contractually regulated and can be part of the total compensation package.

Payroll

Payroll in Egypt includes the base salary, allowances, bonuses, and statutory deductions such as taxes and social security contributions.

Public Holidays

Egypt has a variety of public holidays, including:

    • New Year’s Day (January 1)
    • Revolution Day (January 25)
    • Sinai Liberation Day (April 25)
    • Labor Day (May 1)
    • Revolution Day (July 23)
    • Armed Forces Day (October 6)
    • Various religious holidays that follow the Islamic calendar (e.g., Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha).

Working Hours

The regular working time in Egypt is 48 hours per week, spread over six days. Friday is considered a day of rest in Muslim businesses, while some companies also have Saturdays off.

Vacation

Employees are entitled to at least 21 days of paid annual leave, which increases with longer service.

Incapacity

for Work

In the event of illness, employees in Egypt are entitled to take paid sick leave. The duration and compensation depend on the employment contract and the nature of the illness.

Termination/Severance

Pay

Notice periods vary depending on the length of service and contractual conditions. Severance pay is not legally required but can be agreed upon contractually.

This information provides an overview of the most important aspects of Egypt in the areas of labor and economy.

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