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Population
Georgia has a population of approximately 3.7 million people (as of 2023). The population is ethnically diverse, with Georgians being the largest group, followed by minorities such as Armenians, Azerbaijanis, and Russians. Most of the population resides in urban areas, particularly in the capital, Tbilisi.
Capital
The capital of Georgia is Tbilisi. It is the political, cultural, and economic center of the country. Located in eastern Georgia, Tbilisi is known for its historic old town, rich cultural heritage, and a blend of traditional and modern architecture.
Economic Strength
Georgia has an emerging economy that has improved significantly through reforms and modernization in recent years. Key economic sectors include agriculture, tourism, winemaking, and the service sector. The country also benefits from its strategic location between Europe and Asia. Georgia has seen steady economic growth in recent years but remains dependent on foreign investment. The GDP per capita is moderate, and the country is working to diversify its economy further.
Culture
Georgia’s culture is deeply rooted in history and tradition. The country is known for its hospitality, unique cuisine, and Georgian wine, one of the oldest in the world. The Georgian Orthodox Church plays a central role in the cultural and social life of the country. Traditional dances, folk music, and festivals are important elements of Georgian identity. Historically, Georgian culture has developed under the influence of Byzantine, Persian, Ottoman, and Russian cultures.
Currency
The official currency of Georgia is the Georgian Lari (GEL). One Lari is divided into 100 Tetri.
Health Insurance and Social Security System
Georgia has a public healthcare system that provides basic medical care to all citizens. This is largely state-funded, and private health insurance options are also available for more comprehensive coverage. The social security system in Georgia includes pensions and welfare programs, but social security contributions are relatively low, and the system is less developed compared to Western European countries. Employees contribute around 2% of their income to the social security system.
Employer Costs
Employer costs in Georgia are relatively low compared to European standards. Employers are required to contribute to social security, which amounts to about 2% of the employee’s gross income. Additionally, employers are responsible for salaries and may offer additional benefits such as health insurance and pension plans if included in the employment contract.
Salary and Bonuses
Average salaries in Georgia vary significantly by sector. Salaries in the public sector and agriculture are often lower, while the finance and technology sectors offer higher pay. Bonuses are common in the private sector, particularly in larger companies and international firms. They are often paid at the end of the year or upon project completion.
Payroll
Employers must provide employees with monthly payroll statements that detail the basic salary, allowances, and deductions such as taxes and social security contributions. Transparent payroll practices are legally required and are necessary for tax and social security administration.
Public Holidays
Georgia observes several public holidays, both religious and national, including:
- New Year’s Day (January 1)
- Orthodox Christmas (January 7)
- Orthodox Easter Monday (movable, according to Orthodox calendar)
- Independence Day (May 26)
- Assumption of the Virgin Mary (August 28)
These holidays are celebrated nationwide, and most public and private institutions are closed on these days.
Working Hours
The standard working week in Georgia is 40 hours, with a typical workday of 8 hours. Overtime is usually only paid in exceptional cases unless explicitly stated in the employment contract. Working hours can vary by sector and employment agreement.
Vacation
Employees in Georgia are entitled to a minimum of 24 days of paid annual leave. In addition to public holidays, paid leave is also granted for special occasions such as weddings or births. Vacation days usually need to be arranged with the employer in advance.
Sick Leave
In cases of illness or injury, employees are entitled to sick leave. Payment during sick leave depends on the employment contract and the length of employment. Generally, the first days of sick leave are paid by the employer, after which the social security system covers part of the salary. Employees must provide a medical certificate to claim sick leave.
Termination/Severance
Georgia’s labor law provides for notice periods, which vary depending on the employment contract and the length of service. The typical notice period is one month. In cases of dismissal without fault, employees are entitled to severance pay, often calculated based on the length of service. Employees are usually entitled to at least one month’s salary as severance, unless otherwise stated in the employment contract.