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Population
Eritrea has about 6 million inhabitants (as of 2024). The population is ethnically diverse, with the Tigrinya and Tigre being the largest groups. The population is young and mostly lives in rural areas.
Capital
The capital of Eritrea is Asmara. Asmara is known for its well-preserved colonial architecture and serves as the economic, cultural, and political center of the country.
Economic Power
Eritrea’s economy is mainly based on agriculture, fishing, and mining, particularly gold, copper, and zinc. The GDP per capita is about USD 600 (as of 2023). Economic development is heavily restricted by international sanctions, low investment, and state control over the economy.
Culture
Eritrea has a rich cultural history shaped by various ethnic groups and religions. The Tigrinya, Tigre, and other groups maintain their traditional dances, music, and festivals. Eritrea is known for its coffee ceremonies and a diverse cuisine that often includes flatbread (injera) and spicy stews.
Currency
The official currency of Eritrea is the Eritrean Nakfa (ERN).
Health Insurance and Social Security System
Eritrea has a rudimentary social security system that provides limited benefits. Healthcare is primarily state-organized but often inadequate, especially in rural areas. Private insurance is scarce, and many people struggle to access proper healthcare services.
Costs for Employers
Employers in Eritrea are required to contribute a small percentage of gross wages to social security. The exact rate varies, and additional employer costs often arise from voluntary benefits like transportation or meal allowances.
Salaries and Bonuses
Salaries in Eritrea are very low compared to international standards. There is no legally mandated minimum wage, and bonuses are rare, typically only provided by larger companies or through specific agreements.
Payroll
Payroll in Eritrea includes the basic salary, any allowances or bonuses, and statutory deductions such as taxes and social security contributions.
Public Holidays
Eritrea has several public holidays, including:
- New Year’s Day (January 1)
- Liberation Day (May 24)
- Martyr’s Day (June 20)
- Labor Day (May 1)
- Various religious holidays such as Christmas, Easter, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha.
Working Hours
Regular working hours in Eritrea are 40 hours per week, spread over five or six working days. Working hours may vary by industry, with Saturday often being a half-day of work.
Vacation
Employees are entitled to at least 14 days of paid annual leave, which may increase with length of service. Additional leave is available for special occasions like weddings or family obligations.
Incapacity for Work
In the event of illness, employees are entitled to sick leave, but the specific regulations depend on employment contracts and limited legal provisions.
Termination/Severance Pay
Notice periods and severance pay regulations in Eritrea depend heavily on the length of employment and contractual terms.